Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Paper Essay

The core concepts of nursing theories are the building blocks of any nursing theory model, which include the fundamentals views of person, environment, health and nursing. Incorporating the general ideologies of nursing principles and practice, the four concepts display the way nursing examines and treat persons within the nursing continuum. While these four concepts are interdepended with one another, each one stems from the formation of the idea that comes before. These concepts guides nurses in their everyday practices. According to Brilowski and Wendler (2005), nurses embody the ideas as they assess, plan, and deliver care. This paper will identify the core concepts from theorist Jean Watson and Sister Callista Roy, as well as comparing the two theories and how nursing’s implication and application to nursing practice is based on them. Nursing has been based on the practice of delivering care, insuring the welfare of humans and assisting them in meeting their needs whilst providing education on how to care for themselves. Accountability lies with the nursing profession that they promote good health, disease prevention, and providing care to the ill and dying patient. Nursing has been known to be an art as well as a science that is ever evolving. Science, theories and nursing practice has been the foundation to elevating nursing as a profession. Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model (RAM) implies that nursing is a scientific discipline that focuses on practice (Andrews & Roy, 1991). RAM describes nursing as the promotion of adaptation and health that involves intervention; the fifth step of the nursing process that describes the best method to support the patient in reaching their goals. According to Andrews and Roy (1991), Roy’s nursing objective is â€Å"the promotion of adaptation in each of the four modes, thereby contributing to the person’s health, quality of life and dying with  dignity†. Nurses need to discover ways to maintain a compassionate practice regardless of the professional difficulties and Jean Watson’s caring theory is key to obtaining this goal. Jean Watson (1988) shares nursing as a social science of human health and disease experiences adjudicated by scientific, professional, personal, esthetic, and ethical personal care communications. According to Watson (1988), working as an artist is characteristic of the nurse’s role, and is a crucial part of providing care to patients and their families. The goal of nursing is health promotion, disease prevention, caring for the sick and the restoration of health (Watson, 1988). Watson goes on to say that holistic care is crucial to the practice of the caring nurse. Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring also known as The Caring Model has gone through revisions since its origination in 1979. Watson’s principles of theory are the carative factors, which include the transpersonal caring relationship, and the caring moment (2001). Watson constructed the model in order to define nursing as a well-developed profession, which emphasizes on quality and caring. She proceeds to introduce seven assumptions about the science of caring and theorizes that caring encompasses carative factors with the intent sequel to be fulfilling to specific personal needs, which support s health, and personal/family growth. According to Watson (1988), the science of caring compliments the science of curing in which the practice of caring is fundamental to nursing. According to Watson (2014), transpersonal caring relationships are the foundation and send a â€Å"concern for the inner life world and subjective meaning of another who is fully embodied†. Watson (2014), â€Å"transpersonal seeks to connect with and embrace the spirit or soul of the other through the process of caring and healing and being in authentic relation, in the moment†. Transpersonal caring calls for the nurse to be genuine, and in the moment and have the ability to focus on caring, healing and wholeness rather than on the disease and illness (Watson, 2014). The link between nursing and caring can heal due to increased knowledge, experience and purposeful contact. This contact describes how the nurse transcends a neutral evaluation, and the expression of interest towards an individual’s personal and profound essence relating to his/her own personal health. According to Watson (2001) the providing person and the person receiving care connect in support of pursuing meaning, wholeness, and possibly for the spiritual  existence of suffering. The focus of transpersonal caring is to conserve, improve, and sustain the morality of an individual’s humanism, integrity and tranquility. Watson uses the carative factors as a standard for nursing’s concentration and applies the expression carative factors to differentiate from traditional medicine’s curative factors. The emphasis of her carative factors is to â€Å"honor the social dimensions of nursing’s work and the inner life world and subjective experiences of the people we serve† (Watson, 1997b). â€Å"Whereas curative factors aim at curing the patient of disease, carative factors aim at the caring process that helps the person attain (or maintain) health or die a peaceful death† (Watson, 1985, p. 7). Watson’s framework on the science of caring is constructed around ten carative factors, and benefits nurses with the delivery of care to patients. Jean’s first three Caritas sets the theoretical tone for the science of cari ng and lays the foundation for the remaining seven processes. The humanistic-altruistic system of values is crucial to the nursing process and toward the maturation of nurses. Instilling hope and faith to the patient is a vital component to the caring and curing model. When a patient education has run its course, what is left is instilling hope and faith in order to cultivate a sense of wellness, which may become instrumental to them. The nurturing of information to oneself and others examines the nurses’ need to initiate experiences and emotions as it displays. When nurses practice sensitivity, it brings on a more genuine and trustworthy impression, which motivates self-maturity and self-actualization. So as nurses who articulate person-to-person relationships, health and sophisticated behavior is promoted. Good communication skills which entails verbal and non-verbal as well as listening, exhibits a caring personality and creates caring and rapport with the patient. The ability to acknowledge affirmative and negative connotations increases level of understanding and the awareness of such emotions helps understand the behavior that is being conveye d. Watson (1990) insinuates that feelings modify thoughts and behaviors for deliberation and allowance in a caring connection. She continues to elevate the individual character of nursing and advocates the necessity to evaluate and formulate further methods of practice to implement a holistic approach. The caring nurse should also include an emphasis on the learning process in addition to teaching. When a nurse can accept and understand a person’s  attitude regarding his/her status, it lends the ability of the nurse to create a cognitive plan. While considering the requirements for a caring, protecting, and curative emotional, physical, socio-cultural, and spiritual environment, Watson segregates the factor into two variables; internal and external interdependent. Nurses utilize these variables in an effort to gain support and protection for the person’s emotional and physical well-being. Offering assistance of fulfilling the human need is a hierarchy of need that is com parable to Maslow. Watson constructed a hierarchy that is important to the science of caring and for the quality of nursing care whilst promoting optimal health. The way in which human existence comprehends each other allows the nurse to incorporate and reconcile inconsistencies of how the perception of the person as a holistic being, while focusing on the hierarchical arrangement. This enables the nurse to assist the patient in discovering strengths and courage when facing life or death. At the moment of caring, the nurse and the patient connect in such a way that creates an opportunity for humanistic caring (Watson, 1985). Both persons connect exclusively in a person-to-person interaction. Watson (1999) eludes to the fact that caring time becomes transpersonal when it affirms the appearance of the spirit of both and the opportunity to expand the confines of openness and personal capabilities transpires. An individual is identified as a person who has biophysical, psychophysical, psychosocial and intrapersonal needs that requires respect and care. Watson (1988) lends an explanation that a person is an existence within the world that embraces three realms of being, mind, body, and soul that is inspired by the self-concept, and who is free to make choices. Spirituality upholds a leading importance in the nursing profession and ascertains that the care of the soul is the most prominent characteristic in the art of nursing (Watson, 1997a). In conclusion, the concept of nursing as a science that is the culmination of personal behaviors, practices, proficiency, and experiences through a holistic approach. This approach enables the nurse to develop an approach that is effective in providing optimal care. Implementation of The Roy Adaptation Model enhances the role of nurses by clarifying and increasing interdisciplinary involvement. Watson’s theory encourages nurses to base their nursing process on her caring model and implement the art of caring by providing compassionate care. Caring out the delivery of Watson’s theory  will augment the nursing process and the delivery of care that are both gratifying and stimulating. References Andrews, H., & Roy, C. (1991). The Adaptation Model. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange. Brilowski, G., & Wendler, M. (2005). An evolutionary concept analysis of caring. Journal of Advance Nursing, 50(6), 641-650. Watson, J. (1985). Nursing: Human Science and Human Care, a Theory of Nursing. Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Watson, J. (1988). Nursing: Human Science and Human Care. A Theory of Nursing (2nd printing). Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Watson, J. (1990). Caring knowledge and informed moral passion. Advances in Nursing Science, 13(1), 15-24. Watson, J. (1997a). Artistry of caring: Heart and soul of nursing. In D., Marks-Maran & P. Rose (Eds.), Nursing: Beyond art and sciences. Boulder, CO: Colorado Associated University Press. Watson, J. (1997b). The theory of human caring: Retrospective and prospective. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(1), 49-52. Watson, J. (2001). Jean Watson: Theory of human caring. In M.E. Parker (Ed.) Nursing theories and nursing practice. Philadel phia, PA: Davis. Watson, J. (2014). Caring Science Theory and Research. Retrieved from http://watsoncaringscience.org

Prisons Make Criminals Worse Essay

Prisons make criminals worse, and should be abolished The modern prison system was developed in the 19th century. The system had three basic aims: to isolate, punish and reform the inmates. However, in the last twenty years, there has been a sharp increase in the number of prisoners and prisons have come to be commonly criticized for being â€Å"universities of crime†. This essay attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of prisons, whether they actually make criminals worse, or whether they offer a chance at betterment. This part of the essay deals with the advantages of the prison system. There are three apparent beneï ¬ ts to putting convicts into prisons. First, they provide punishment by deprivation of their freedom. Second, the offenders are segregated from the rest of the society and so cannot re-offend. And third, they are given the possibility to take part in various training programmes, which gives them the chance to reform. However, there are a number of drawbacks as well. First of all, prisons appear to be failing in the 21st century. Secondly, the prison population is rising steadily in many countries and at the same time many prisoners return to prison. Thirdly, few prisons are actually able to offer effective reform programmes. And ï ¬ nally, prison conditions are often brutal and degrading. To sum up, even though there are all these serious disadvantages in the whole system, the pros outweigh the cons, as it would seem unimaginable living in a society in which people with criminal record mingle with those who do not have it, and are thus in direct danger of encountering the convicts. It would appear that the solution to the problem is not the question of whether prisons should be abolished or should be here to stay, but rather how to make the whole system more effective. One such way could be the attempt to come up with ideas that would directly improve the current state of things for instance thinking about where and how to obtain more money to spend on the training  systems, or run prevention projects that are targeted not at prisoners themselves, but at people who live in problematic areas and are thus at risk of becoming criminals.

Coney Island Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Coney Island - Essay Example At the turning of the twentieth century, this culture was still in the first stage of formation and not fully incorporated within the society’s life (Kasson, 1978). Its fullest expression at this time lay in the main realm of commercial based amusements, which created essential symbols of the new cultural based order and helped to knit a complex cohesive audience. At the turn of the century, Coney Island was leading in establishment of symbols and their relationship to the new audiences. Some of the changes witnessed were governing of the Nineteenth-century America with some striking set of values and cultural aspects such as Victorian" compared to England Queen Victoria reigned. Interestingly, the urban-industrial society was facilitated with the genteel reformers who were eager to make a step in cultural leadership by disciplining, refining, and instructing the turbulent urban-industrial democracy within the people. The American apostles of culture put a lot of effort to ensure that they inculcate Victorian virtues of "character" such as self-control, moral integrity, industriousness, earnestness and soberness among the citizens. The American apostles believed that changing the culture of the urban-industrial society would help the men in passion to grow economically use leisure and work time efficiently. This was what the urban-based society required in order to grow economically, socially and culturally. Moreover, genteel culture occupying a position given that genteel reformers founded libraries, symphonies museums and other great institutions that help to set a cultural change that dominated public based discussion (Kasson, 1978). Of the critical importance to their success as cultural based arbiters was the ability to create a support of influential shapers of the great mass culture, who echoed their development tone and carried the message to audience. As a result, a series of technological based innovations were disseminated which

Is Sims Metal Management making the right strategic initiatives in the Dissertation

Is Sims Metal Management making the right strategic initiatives in the metal recycling industry - Dissertation Example The research was conducted using questionnaire method on the employees, which were 32 in all. The results reveals that the firm has not been practising CSR internally but tries making an external image of a good corporate firm. Moreover, the firm has been indulging in growth strategies with acquisitions, mergers and diversification. The employees also shed a light on how beneficial these strategic moves may be for the firm and whether the firm is taking care of its employees or not. Towards the end recommendations like, taking safety measures for employees, being informed about legislations in the global industry, forming an emergency unit, technological advancements and employee training has been given. Table of contents Chapter 1-Interduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Background 1 1.3 Purpose of the research 1 1.4 Research problem 2 1.5 Research methodology 2 1.6 Aims and Objectives 3 1.7 Layout of the report 3 1.8 Validity limits 4 Chapter 2-Literature Review 2.1Introduction 5 2.1I ndustry Overview 5 2.3 Sims Metal Management Metal Management 6 2.4 Competitive analysis 7 2.5 Demand for recyclable metal 8 2.6 International business management 9 2.7 Supply chain and metal recycling 9 2.8 Pestle analysis 11 2.8.1 Political/legal environment 11 2.8.1.1 Regulations 12 2.8.2 Social Environment 12 2.8.3 Economic environment 13 2.8.4 Economic risks involved 13 2.8.5 Ecological environment 14 2.8.5.1 Structured changes 14 2.8.6 Technological advancement 15 2.9 SWOT analysis 15 2.9.1. Strengths 15 2.9.1.2 Strong structure 15 2.9.1.3 Business development 16 2.9.2 Weakness 16 2.9.2.1 Insufficient safety measures 16 2.9.2.2 Ineffective management 17 2.9.2.3 Complicated legislations 17 2.9.3 Opportunities 17 2.9.3.1 New markets 17 2.9.3.2 New recycling units 18 2.9.3.3 environmental consciousness 18 2.9.3.4 Efficient processes 18 2.9.3.5 Incorporate technology 19 2.9.4 Threats 19 2.9.4.1 Industry threats and prices 19 2.9.4.2 Developing countries 20 2.9.4.3 The legislative barriers 20 Chapter 3- Methodology 21 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Research Paradigm 21 3.3 Questionnaire method 22 3.4 Sample 22 3.4.1 Sample selection 23 3.5 Questionnaire 24 3.6 Data analysis 24 3.7 Privacy of the subjects 24 3.7 Trustworthiness of the methodology used 25 3.8.1 Reliability 25 3.8.2 Validity 25 3.8.3 Ethical validity 26 3.8.4 Generalized validity 26 Chapter 4 Data analysis 27 4.1 Introduction 27 4.2 Internal environment of Sims Group UK 27 4.3 Is the firm growing in the right direction in the economic downturn? 33 4.4 Technological incorporation in the firm 35 Chapter 5-Conclusion and Recommendations 37 5.1 Conclusion 37 5.2 Recommendations 40 5.2.1 stringent safety standards 40 5.2.1 Emergency unit 40 5.2.2 Business strategies 40 5.2.3 growth strategies 41 5.2.4 employee training 41 5.2.5 Technological advancement 41 5.2.6 CSR 41 5.2.7 Legislative information 42 5.3 Limitations of the Research 42 Appendix 43 References 45 Chapter 1-Interduction 1.1 Introduction In cha pter 1, the author gives a detailed account of the research topic explaining why it was chosen. The background of the research is also given along with the reasons why the research was conducted. The methodology of the research has been given in detail along with the research paper layout. 1.2 Background According to Eddolls (2012), Sims Metal Management is an Australian based global concern that recycles metal. The firm has 42 recycling plants in

The Effects Of The Likely Food Security Problems For Society In Africa Essay

The Effects Of The Likely Food Security Problems For Society In Africa - Essay Example What is most significant here is the belief that the world needs to step ahead as a collective unit and make its voice get heard so that sanity could prevail within the related ranks. The two world regions chosen here are of Africa and South Asia where food insecurity is more common than anywhere else on this globe. Within Africa, the aspect of food security seems more like an epidemic than anything else. This is because Africa is one of the most backward continents in the world. There is food deprivation of sorts that is existent within this continent. The countries are doing little to do away with the pressing matters that have remained for the longest time. The governments of the African nations are also not willing to go one step ahead and proceed with forming rules and regulations through which their own populations could be given the free rein that they richly deserve. In essence, Africa is lagging far behind in the race to achieve food security than any other region or contine nt in the world. The reason why Africa lacks in this department is because there is unequal distribution of resources within the continent. People are not being fed in an equal manner as there are a lot of diseases which have come to the fore. Some believe this is due to the hot climate where half of Africa is situated on the equator, while others believe this is due to lack of commitment by the world’s most developed nations, who are doing little or absolutely nothing to thwart such a situation from coming to its domains in the first place (Williams, 2002). Some African nations like South Africa are apt at providing equal distribution of food to its citizens but a number of other nations like Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Zambia, etc. lag far behind. Some drastic steps are required to take care of these problems in a head on manner. Within South Asia, the aspect of food security comes to the reckoning because there is huge population within the region and hence the gove rnments are unable to cope up with the resources that are available at their disposal. India is one such example where people find it hard to get hold of the food for their daily needs. It is poor to one extent that it is unable to meet the expectations of millions of people on a regular basis (Thakur, 2004). Much needs to be done within South Asia because the population is increasing at a rapid rate and there seems to be no alternate course available to curtail the problems at hand. The reason why South Asia lags far behind in the race to reach the top is because the people do not know what to do. Also their governments are not ready to give them what they direly require – food (Ingco, 2003). One of the more significant reasons behind this debacle lies in the fact that the unequal distribution of food is between the rich and the poor, living together within this region of the world. Solid steps need to be taken to do away with the varied problems that South Asia is facing at the moment, and the role of the government within such concerns is of a magnanimous one. Conclusion In the end, one should believe that both Africa and South Asia are running head to head as far as unequal distribution of food realms are concerned. The reason for this lies on the head of the people who are running these related affairs (Wyk, 2001). Much needs to be done and that too quickly because South Asia has a pressing problem of inflating population, which is widespread in nearly all

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Literature - Essay Example The point of view literary device in the story is crucial in deciding the perception and stance of the story as it progresses (Dupriez 29). This is a strong influence in determining the overall tone of the story. The author switches point of view a couple of times. At some point, it will be of one of the slaves, and then it switches to the master of the plantation (Murphy 97). This way, the readers are able to take a look into the person's mind and understand their feelings and thoughts better. For example, in Chapter 7 where Eliza is trying to escape and save her child, the narrative is in her point of view: She wondered within herself at the strength that seemed to be come upon her;...and every flutter of fear seemed to increase the supernatural power that bore her on, while from her pale lips burst forth, in frequent ejaculations, the prayer to a Friend above,—â€Å"Lord, help! Lord, save me!†. (Perkins 381) After several paragraphs, the point of view shifts to other characters. Stowe writes â€Å"Andy looked up innocently at Sam, surprised at hearing this new geographical fact, but instantly confirmed what he said by a vehement reiteration† (Perkins 387). Such strategy makes the lines more personal, and provides the readers with a reading experience that makes them understand each person independently. The imagery literary device in the story helps readers create mental pictures of scenes in the story which helps them experience the events more vividly (Dupriez 32). Imagery plays a crucial part in providing mental sketches of important events and scenes such as the deaths of each slave or even the Shelby mansion (Murphy 99-100). This is also evident in the dramatic scene in Chapter 7 where Eliza is running away. The imagery in this scene helps the readers experience the dread, worry, and fear that Eliza is feeling that very moment. ...the bare thought of putting him out of her arms made her shudder, and she strained him to her bosom wit h a convulsive grasp as she went rapidly forward. (Perkins 381) Imagery is used on several parts of the novel. Another example is in showing the experiences a slave endures at the hands of a cruel master. In Chapter 40, Stowe writes â€Å"Legree stood aghast, and looked at Tom; and there was such a silence that the tick of the old clock could be heard, measuring, with silent touch, the last moments of mercy and probation to that hardened heart† (Perkins 396). The reader can almost feel the deafening silence as the slave waits for his Master's reaction. The foreshadowing literary device (Dupriez 19) is seldom used in this novel, but when used, it is in such a powerful manner that makes the readers dread for what they are sure is about to happen (Murphy 105). For example, in Chapter 40 again, Stowe writes â€Å"It was but a moment. There was one hesitating pause,—one irresolute, relenting thrill,—and the spirit of evil came back, with sevenfold vehemence;† (Perkins 396). Readers can immediately feel that despite the hesitation, the quiet moment of reluctance, the comeback of evil will bring Tom something that is even more dangerous, and even fatal. Furthermore, foreshadowing is evident in this line â€Å"Like his Master, he knew that if he saved others, himself he could not save; nor could utmost extremity wring from him words save of prayer and holy trust† (Perkins 397). Here, readers are made to see the eventual fate that

Community Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Community Communication - Essay Example Normally, we find ourselves bound to care with one another in a community not only because we readily understand the necessity of survival through interactive relationship but even for the natural truth in historicity where there emerges discernment of historical background that enables one person to gauge the other in terms of a continuing culture they have both lived with though at separate places and time. The mutual respect or concern established toward a cultural or religious tradition, for instance, may hold us within a sensible meaning of community in which while we distinguish individual selves with unique identity to develop for personal growth, we know somewhere from the inner core that our mutuality in beliefs and principles sets us apart from certain degree of plural indifference. Since a community is quite characteristic of norms when it comes to general views or opinions on matters of common interest, we are more likely to form social attitudes and standards based on these norms. Our adherence to a specific standard which is made by the majority in the community eventually becomes or aligns with our own as we give value or judgment to an object or person. Such act of paying someone worth or opinion comes out either just or unjust, hurtful or favorable on the basis of how the former interprets and reacts to the community’s overall perception of him or her. Consequently, the community becomes a ‘sum’ to look at or respond to and in return, it also collects to itself from individual ideas that share similar attributes in order to project a law that almost everyone is drawn to follow in the course of nature. In this regard, thus, communication is hugely significant especially in expressing one’s insights and feelings that would help the community make the necessary adjustment in recognizing the real value of a member or one that is

Moral Courage Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Moral Courage - Article Example By exposing the scam, Luy actually risked his life and was allegedly previously held in detention when his cousin suspected that he was already on the verge of exposing the scam. It was eventually revealed that there are apparent links to members of the Congress, who allegedly are using these funds for their own personal interests, with Janet Lim Napoles devising bogus non-government institutions are apparent recipients of the funds (Wenceslao, 2013). As a result, the alleged perpetuator of the scam, Janet Lim Napoles, is currently being held in trial and incarcerated to determine the veracity of the allegations and to pinpoint other cohorts who could have been instrumental in designing the scam. The person, Benhur Luy, is therefore commended for his moral courage in his decision to expose the scam. Despite the fact that it was his cousin who apparently headed the scrupulous transactions, in possible cohorts with some lawmakers, Benhur Luy had decided to reveal the long-time secret. According to the report, â€Å"Benhur Luy said he worked with Janet Lim-Napoles for ten years, from 2002 to 2012. He was therefore in a position to describe the rise of the Napoles PDAF scam ‘business empire’† (Wenceslao, 2013, par. 10). The scam was reportedly described as follows: â€Å"Napoles wheeling and dealing with lawmakers and government bureaucrats (the roles reversed later, with lawmakers wheeling and dealing with Napoles); Luy and other members of Napoles’s staff preparing bogus papers for bogus non-government organizations and ghost beneficiaries and forging signatures; people’s money exchanging hands† (Wenceslao, 2013, par. 8). What was disturbing actually, was the fact that it took such a long time, ten years, before Benhur Luy was able to gather that much moral courage to expose the graft and corruption that had existed and had been perpetuated by his cousin, and including him. The person should have been able to expose the scam at an

Franchisees are an important source of innovation Article

Franchisees are an important source of innovation - Article Example Next, it contemplates on how innovation has become a complex question and tries to explain it through the various models of innovation. Lastly, the various sources through which a franchising organization can practice innovation have been discussed. The franchising organization is one in which the franchisee has purchased the rights to use the business methods, ideas and values that the franchisor has built for his company, organization, product or shop. It is like a person sells his business philosophy to another. The franchisee usually opens up the franchise in some other geographical location than the one where the original brand exists. This actually lays the foundation for the franchisee to use innovation within the franchise. When the franchise will be in a different geographical location, the customers who will be coming to that franchise will be totally different, culture-wise, social-wise, and behavioural-wise. Thus, to bring changes within the franchise system would become easy. Examples of franchises are McDonalds (the food industry), Benetton (the clothing industry), the Starbucks (the food industry), television shows like Pop Idol, Who Wants to be a Millionaire (the media industry), Body Shop (the cosmetics industry), Onebiz Group (consultancy franchisee) and others. Therefore, be it be any industry, the franchising option is available to all and sundry. This is because franchising is a form of business beneficial to both the franchisee and the franchisor. The franchisee-franchisor relationship is complex, yet it is made up of basic components. Some of the basics of the brands of the franchisor need to be the same, so as to not eliminate the essence of the original brand. The various rights that the franchisee gets are that he can distribute the products of the franchisor, use the same techniques which they use to produce the products or market them. Moreover, even trademarks and patents are shared, since the franchisee becomes a representative of the franchisors product in some other geographical region. But when it comes to the invaluable intangible goods like trademarks and patents, the franchisee has to pay a certain amount of monthly fees for using them. This fee is separate from the fees that has to be paid for such rights in the first place. (Cox, 2007) Training is also one of the major things which the franchisor makes available to the franchisee as part of the rights that he gets. The franchisee-franchisor agreements will co ntinue for minimum five years and maximum thirty years, after which the agreement will have to be renewed, if felt suitable by both the parties. In cases where the franchisee does misuse of the rights granted to him by the franchisor, the agreement has such clauses through which it can be easily terminated, for the benefit of the franchisor. INNOVATION In a world of intense competition, where companies are going global and where numerous companies are making strenuous efforts to get the attention of the consumer, it is immensely important to differentiate oneself from the rest so as to become noticeable. Consumers are the one who decide the brand or the company which is the market leader. It is the sales of the product which will ultimately make a product gain market share and then declare itself as the market leader, chosen by the customers themselves. For this purpose, it is extremely essential to get inside the minds of the consumer so as to